How much powder equals fresh?

Powders are more concentrated than fresh vegetables, because the water is gone. Start small, taste, and add more a pinch at a time.

• Garlic: ¼ tsp for one clove.
• Onion: 1 tsp for one small onion, for flavour rather than texture.
• Carrot: 1 to 1½ tsp per 2 cups of atta, for colour and gentle sweetness.
• Beetroot: 1 tsp per cup of curd or batter, for a clear pink.
• Apple: 1½ tsp per glass of milk, 1 tbsp per jar of oats.

Add onion and garlic powder to warm oil on low heat, or stir them in at the end. They cook in seconds.